Rudyard Kiplings Troubles Of The Empire English Literature Essay

Rudyard Kiplings Troubles Of The Empire English Literature Essay The White Mans burden reflects the Victorian degradation of the non-European world. Rudyard Kipling invites Americans to join the ranks of the British in imperializing the uncivilized Filipinos to rid them of troubles. The imperial nation plays a role of a father who is obligated to raise the child-like natives into becoming mature westernized adults. These Imperialists are defined throughout the poem as having idealized, saintly characteristics that are patrilineally passed through generations of whites for the purpose of imposing well-built culture to the atrocious adolescently uncultured. An altruistic, chauvinistic tone and purpose brings a shining idolization of imperialism but in doing so reveals Victorian era thoughts and sociocultural beliefs. These beliefs would not have been readily accepted as part of the modern time of the late 1800s, yet they were so deeply engrained into society that they shaped the lives of not only white men but of unrelated races of the world. These industrialized, patriarchal, racist attitudes have become so imbedded into the minds of people that it went unnoticed as to how it affected their definitive ideas of race, gender, social status, idealized characteristics, and nationalism. Kipling portrays this through constant use of figurative language to exaggerate certain ideas and relate them to the main theme of necessary colonialism. The use of a similar structure for each stanza group, alongside with the use of repetition and an unselfish tone, create a sense of order and of a powerful urgency to commit imperialism. The poem is organized in a manner that portrays order and power. He organizes each stanza into an octet. Each stanza, being eight lines long symbolizes perfection. Eight is the infinity sign sideways and represents totality and absolutism (Properties of 8). The imperialist view themselves as perfect being that have complete order and Kipling captures this by organizing his stanzas in a manner that most represents the infinite symbol. The poem is organized into an iambic trimeter and has rhythm every odd line. The unit of sound is divided into two syllables and stresses the second syllable (iambic trimester wiki). This is used to stress the importance of certain words in each line; for example: forthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦bestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦breed/ bindà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦sonsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦exile (Kipling, lines 1, 2). These words are stressed because they are the ones that are important for the meaning of the lines and the poem as a whole. Two words that are constantly stressed throughout the poem are White and burden (Kipling line 1). Kipling purposely does this to relay the significance of these words as they relate to his poem as a whole. They hold more meaning because of they are repeated throughout and are stress. The first and foremost obligation the audience must meet is of a racial concern. An imperialist must be white and of a westernized culture. This was an obvious requirement and seemed natural to the peoples of the 1800s; however, it served a more distinct purpose of creating a division between two peoples: the Whites, in this case the Americans, and nonwhites, particularly those who are Filipinos. This division is set up to faintly, yet effectively, create a dichotomy between the two. One expression about this dichotomy is a metaphorical representation of a father to a son. The son, who represents the natives, is an uneducated and unenlightened half-devil and half-child (Kipling, line 8). He is young and has had no exposer to a responsible, committed, and real-world lifestyle and lives in isolation from the rest of humanity and knows nothing of its complexities. Children need the care of a mature adult who is willing to search [his] manhood and take up the challenge of teaching them t o have done with childish days (Kipling, line 53, 49). This use of language creates men, not woman, as the care giver. Child rearing was done predominantly by woman during this time; however, Kipling ignores this tendency and uses a fatherly relationship. In Victorian society, men need to become fathers as a rite of passage in their masculinity (Tosh, page 79). Being a patrilinial society, the ideal child was a son; he would carry on the name and inherit the essence of the family. Children obeyed their father and if they failed to do so, the father alone punishes them; he is the enforcer. Although the actual raising of a child was done by the work of women, Kipling refers to the fatherly dominance of the household. The natives will inherit the fathers characteristics and must obey him at all times otherwise they will be punished. Kipling ignores the fact that rearing children was done by women because colonialism is about taking on the characteristics of the imperial nation. He choo ses to use the metaphor of fathers, not mothers, because men have a stronger will to conduct the task of imperialism. Without the white man to be a father to these children, they shall remain ignorant, weak, and uncultured. Kipling exaggerates this with strong word choices. For example, the natives are described as illiterate, silent, sullen people (Kipling, line 47). Kipling ignores the fact that they speak a foreign language and, instead, says they do not speak at all. This dehumanization insists that the indigenous people will remain silent unless they learn the true language of English; the only language that is in existence, the rest is gibberish. Another example of Kiplings use of strong language would be when he hints that starvation and disease will be inevitable unless they have a father to fill full [their] mouth[s] of famine and bid the sickness cease (Kipling, lines 19, 20). The natives are automatically categorized as famine and disease infested. This is used as another form of justification for colonialism. The fatherly nations of imperialism will put an end to this. The natives, being children, will remain like this unless they are taught otherwise. And since most of western society during the 1800s was patriarchal, the father was the one to do the job. Kiplings use of language makes it quite clear as to who the poem is aimed at in terms of gender. The constant repetition of sexist language is evident in the title and in every following stanza with the phrase: White Mans burden. This reappearance is meant to create a clarification of who has the privilege of colonization. More words that reflect a male audience are sons, manhood, king, and the continuous reiteration of his and man (Kipling, lines 3, 26, 53). These word choices hint heavily toward a male audience. The role of an imperial colonization was solely a mans duty and honor to complete. This reflects a sexist Victorian world where males play the dominant role (Tiffert). It was a time where women were expected to be conservative, quiet, caring, emotional, and supportive of their husbands yet reliant of them. Males, on the other hand, were brave, politically active, patriotic, socially active, and hardworking. During this time it was only fitting for men to construct colonies and be brave enough to aid the foreign sullen people (Kipling, line 7). But not just any man was fitting enough to execute such a task successfully; it had to be narrowed down to an elite few. The Victorian era was a time of many statuses and classes that divided people and made certain white males more qualified to colonize over others; The White Mans Burden captures this division in a few lines. Kipling targets parents to send forth the best ye breed and bind [their] sons to exile to serve [their] captives needs (Kipling, lines 2, 3, 4). Now first off, it is not considered an exile but a privilege because only the select few have what it takes to colonize. The word exile is used as a metaphorical representation of the foreign land. The natives live in a place that is not suitable for proper life; it would be considered an exile to the peoples of western society. Its very existence is a crime against nature. The white man must go and fix this land and its people. And second, as hinted in this quote, only the most intelligent and superlative can conduct such a challenging task of cleansing and taming the untamed. The phrase, best ye breed, not only states who the intended class is, but also creates a division among the whites themselves and says that not all can undertake in the mission of colonization. The word breed brings to mind either dogs or horses; more specifically pure breed ones. This allusion is used to represent the upper (pure breed) and lower (mixed breed) classes and puts a value on them. Pure breeds are usually worth more than mixed-breeds; therefore, the upper class has a higher value, is specialized, better developed, and more idealized (Welton). But then later in the poem Kipling seems to contradict himself when he says that this process requires the toil of serf and sweeper (Kipling, line 27). These jobs of servitude were usually held by members of the lower class during this time (Victorian Era). But, realizing how daunting the challenge of colonization is, the work of lower class men must be included. Colonization was just like any other business of the time. The rich are the bosses and the poor are the workers. The orchestrator gets all the recognition but the musicians are the actual ones to conduct the procedure. Now of course the upper class has organization skills, tenacity and many other characteristics that are vital for imperialism to be performed. Traits that Kipling so explains throughout his poem in a condescending manner. If it were not for the brainchild of the intelligent, this operation would not happen at all. Kipling really emphasizes this by choosing to only portray elements of upper class men. It is evident in his patronizing tone throughout the whole poem. For these reasons, the target of the poem can be narrowed down to the middle to upper class of society, the knights of bravery; knights who are required to fight for their birthright to honor and duty. Kipling implies the importance of this duty to colonize but explains this by using the seemingly unrelated, connotative meaning of the word burden. He repeats the phrase, take up the White Mans burden at the start of every stanza to illustrate the white man as his sole audience; it is a demand aimed directly at the reader, commanding them to take up the burden (Kipling, line 1). This burden is described throughout the poem as requiring the white man to serve the captives needs, veil the threat of terror, to fill full the mouth of famine, and the list goes on (Kipling, line 4, 11, 19). The ultimate meaning is that the conquerors are providing benefits and servitude to the conquered and nothing is mentioned about slavery, stolen political freedom, and the life toll of defeat. The burden, being of such a noble cause, can only be conducted by whites that have the proper characteristics. This is where Kiplings patronizing tone comes into play. He explains that they must show patience, be plain in their purpose, forfeit their show of pride, and be selfless (Kipling, line 10, 12, 13, 14). They must be merciful enough to end the misery of the half-deviled and half-child by filling full the mouth of Famine and making their sickness cease (Kipling, line 8, 19, 20). They must be willing to work hard and conduct the toil of serf and sweeper and not just simply rule as luxurious lazy kings (Kipling, line 26, 27). The saintly figures will never exploit the colonized but instead they bestow their heavenly touch on the people: curing their diseased, revitalizing their economy, and ending their hunger. All these noble characteristics, duties, and acts of civility are taught in western culture and are born from nationalistic passions. Nationalism is the main idea behind colonization. Kipling is explaining how nationalism can be harnessed to implore citizens to believe colonization is a necessity and that this imperialistic burden is, in fact, a natural occurrence. In this sense, nationalism can be explained by Imperialism which, in turn, can be explained in terms of Social Darwinism. Social Darwinism was born in the 19th century and soon became recognized by imperialist in the same way Aristotles ideas about planetary orbit around Earth was recognized by the Roman Catholic Church (What is Social Darwinism). It was nothing but truth and could be related to almost every aspect of human interaction in one form or another including superiority of a race over others (What is Social Darwinism). Western nations, as known throughout the Victorian era, are by far the most superior beings in the world and the highest example, at this time, was Great Britain. This can be explained by their advances in science, industry, medi cine, and even quality of life as expressed through culture. Foreign races, lacking many of these same advances, naturally were less competent and weaker. But instead of letting these races die out or live horrible lives as explained by Darwin, it is more humane and noble to assist them in becoming enlightened. It is the duty of western culture to use their predictive knowledge of the troubles of these foreign races and aid them before they happen. Imperialism demands that they take advantage of this opportunity and act, not only for spoils but for honest principles. Their natural, nationalistic pride should stir up these beliefs and if they do not, they are just as inferior and ignorant as the races they are trying to help. If America does not quench its prides demands, they shall face the judgment of [their] peers who are the British (Kipling, line56). Nationalism is a justification for imperialism which Kipling harnesses, and this is why his poem is effective in convincing his au dience towards colonialism. The root of this justification is Great Britain, the homeland of Rudyard Kipling. Kipling is informing Americans on the proper way to portray their nationalistic passions. In doing so, Britain becomes the teacher; a teacher who does not wish to get embarrassed by the pupil. America needs to show maturity and responsibility in empire building. Kipling is spurring America to work hard and long and to reject the lightly proffered laurel and the easy ungrudged praise of taking the painless route to international and national recognition (Kipling, line 51, 52). It is something that is earned through progressive work with the indigenous, not something that can be easily taken from them.

Determination of Diastereoselectivity Experiment

Determination of Diastereoselectivity Experiment Jackson Nguyen Determination of Diastereoselectivity using Thermodynamic vs. Kinetic Controlled Reduction Procedures: A Reduction of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone Introduction: The goal in this experiment was to oxidize 4-t-butylcyclohexanol to 4-t-butylcyclohexanone and reduce back to the original compound. Additionally, the goal was to analyze the ratio of the diastereomers and dictate the reasoning behind the ratios. Theory: In this experiment, three reactions total were performed. One of which was oxidation, and the other two were reduction. The overall result in this experiment was that 4-t-butylcyclohexanol was oxidized and reduced back to an alcohol through two different reactions that gave the same products. In order to oxidize 4-t-butylcyclohexanol, sodium hypochlorite was used, along with acetic acid. Acetic acid was used to protonate the hypochlorite which would then protonate the alcohol group of the reactant. As a result, the hydroxyl group with the extra hydrogen became a great leaving group, allowing hypochlorite, a nucleophile, to attack. This allowed a base, such as water, to deprotonate a hydrogen and create a double bond with the oxygen bond, which allowed the chlorine to leave. Overall, this reaction produced 4-t-butylcyclohexanone as the product. After the oxidized product was created, two different types of reduction were used to reduce the product created from oxidation. Two reagents used in each reduction reaction were sodium borohydride and aluminum isopropoxide. Both reagents would create similar products; however, the ratios of diastereomers were different. For sodium borohydride, the hydrogen would attack the carbonyl of 4-t-butylcyclohexonone and create a negative oxygen. Ethanol would act as a proton source in the solution and protonate the oxygen, which created a hydroxyl group. On the other hand, the reduction reaction that involved aluminum isopropoxide had a different mechanism. The carbonyl group of the 4-t-butylcyclohexonone would attack the partial positive aluminum due to the electronegativity of the oxygen. A hydrogen would attack the double bond of the carbonyl group and carry electrons over and allow the oxygen to have two pairs of electrons. As a result, the bulky group of the reactant would leave by an addition of hydrogen to the molecule, which created 4-t-butylcyclohexanol. Overall, both different reagents provided the same results. However, the ratio of diastereomers was determined by the structure of the reagents. In order convert the carbonyl group into an alcohol, a bond must be formed at 107Â ° angle. By looking at the structure of the hexane ring, the molecule can be attacked at two different sides. On one side, there were hydrogen that can provide steric hindrance; whereas, the other side would be free. Aluminum isopropoxide was a bulky group that will not likely to attack the 4-t-butylcyclohexanone at the side that has hydrogen. Hence, it would attack the side that had greater room. As a result, there was a higher ratio of an axial attack, compared to an equatorial attack of hydrogen. On the other hand, sodium borohydride was not a bulky group; thus, the ratio of axial and equatorial attacks would be more equal. Mechanism: Results: Part A: Part B: Part C: Discussion: The three reactions completed during the experiment were successful. By doing a TLC test every several minutes helped indicate the completion of the reactions and ensured that no reactant were present. The first two parts that required TLC testing showed the comparison between the starting material and the reaction mixture. Since TLC was based on polarity and the distance traveled, the completion of the reaction were focused on the distance of the spots and whether the initial spot disappeared after the reaction took place. The two main compounds were 4-t-butylcyclohexanol and 4-t-butylcyclohexanone. In order to analyze these two compounds, the polarity between them was different. The former compound had an alcohol group that was able to form hydrogen bonds; whereas, the latter compound cannot. Therefore, the former compound was more polar than the latter. In the case of the TLC testing, 4-t-butylcyclohexanone that was created from oxidation in part A, would travel farthe r on the TLC plate. Indicated in the data obtained, no reactant was left after the reaction, which indicated the completion of oxidation. On the other hand, the TLC test in Part B showed the same result. The product, 4-t-butylcyclohexanol was expected to travel less due to its polarity. Also, the final result showed that no reactant was present, indicated by the absence of the spot compared to the spot of the starting material. On another note, isopropyl alcohol was used to eliminate the excess of hypochlorite in Part A. By reacting hypochlorite and isopropyl alcohol, acetone and water were produced. Hence, hypochlorite was used to oxidize isopropyl alcohol in order to create acetone, which was a solvent that would interfere with the reaction; thus, it provided no harm and affect the results. The percent yield was decent for part A and was low for Part B and C. Possible reasoning for this could be that the products were lost during the extraction. It was not likely that the issue resided in the reaction itself because TLC testing indicated that all the reactants were used up. Hence, it was more likely that the extraction process may account for the loss of products. On another note, the ratio of trans/cis of the commercially obtained alcohol mixture seemed to be 1:3. Additionally, the standard ratios of the stereoisomers were almost the same compared to the HNMR spectrums obtained from the experiment. Since the ratio was 1:3, the method most likely used to synthesize the 4-t-butylcyclohexanol was the Meerwein-Pondorff-Verley Reduction. Sources of Errors: No major errors occurred during the experiment. One possible error that may account for the low recover of product would be the extraction. The extraction process went too fast, which may cause some products to be lost in the aqueous layer. However, the aqueous layer was extracted once more, which can minimize the loss of products. This was a possibility. Conclusion and Future Experiments: The results from the experiment concluded that Meerwein-Pondorff-Verley Reduction was the method used to synthesize the commercially obtained 4-t-butylcyclohexanol. Additionally, the products from reactions were successfully obtained from the completed reactions. Future experiments would include multiple attempts of the reactions in order to obtain a higher yield. Although, the results concluded the exact method used, more HNMR spectrums from additional experiments would provide credibility.

Sugarcane :: Botany

Sugarcane Sugarcane is the common name of a species of herb belonging to the grass family. The official classification of sugarcane is Saccharum officinarum, and it belongs to the family Gramineae. It is common in tropical and subtropical countries throughout the world. It can grow from eight to twenty feet tall, and is generally about 2 inches thick. Several different horticultural varieties are known, and they differ by their stem color and length (Anonymous, 1998). The common sugarcane has been cultivated since ancient times. The most widely used form of cultivation is by stem cuttings, since many varieties do not produce fertile seeds (Microsoft, 1994). According to Helen Boyel, (1939) this is one of the many species of plants that would not survive without human intervention. It is a very easy, and profitable plant to grow, but does not naturally reproduce very effectively. The sugarcane was one of the first "cash crops" of early colonial America. It grew plentifully in the southern states, and was a major source of income for many plantations. It is grown readily in the United States in Hawaii, Louisiana, Florida and Puerto Rico. The countries that produce the largest amounts of sugarcane are Brazil, Cuba, Kazakhstan, Mexico, India, and Australia (Microsoft, 1994). Sugarcane cannot be easily harvested by machine, so for centuries it has been harvested by hand, using large machete like blades. For this reason sugarcane fields have very large amounts of farm hands, and are a major source of employment throughout South America, Central America, and even the Caribbean. In early America, when the plant was readily harvested, it was a major source of slavery in the south. However, with the advent of abolition, it was found that sugarcane could be imported cheaper than it could be grown (Microsoft, 1994). This is why the sugarcane industry in the United States has diminished so sharply since the Civil War. The primary use for sugarcane is to process sugar, which can then be used in an infinite number of products. The type of sugar produced by sugarcane is called sucrose. This is the most important of all the sugars. Sucrose is used as a sweetening agent for foods and in the manufacture of cakes, candies, preservatives, soft drinks, alcohol, and numerous other foods. Although the use of sugar in the human diet is controversial, sucrose supplies about 13 percent of all energy that is derived from foods (Escalona, 1952).

James v. Lorenz :: essays research papers

William James and Konrad Lorenz are at a cafà © in the middle of Piccadilly Circus having coffee, smoking cigars, deep in conversation. J: What say you about this Konrad, I have a Scotch terrier that used to live in the barn, and I recently moved him into my home. In the barn, he had this nasty little habit of burying things into the ground, and upon being moved into the house continued with the same behavior. After a few days, he eventually stopped trying to dig altogether. How would you explain this? L: I believe that your carpet was not the right stimulus for your beloved terrier. An animal needs to have a specific stimulus in order to elicit a certain response; in this case, the dirt would elicit the digging. Because the dog was not in an environment that had dirt readily available to him to be able to dig, he had no need to do so. J: Okay, but why did he continue, if even for a few days, to try to dig into my carpet and deposit useless items such as gloves into the floor? L: He was so used to digging in your barn that he continued to do so in your house. The intensity of the stimulus changed, so the response followed suit and changed as well. J: But that is like my fly-wheel of society, he kept on trying to dig into my carpet because he was used to doing it†¦but then that is considered to be a habit and not an instinct. L: It was instinctive for him to bury in the barn not only because he had the right stimulus to elicit the digging, but also what was he burying in the barn? Food, I suppose. I believe that if you take for example the concealment response of Corvids, you will see that some animals purposely hide their food so that in the future, they can retrieve it if necessary. Because as you know of course, that unlike domestic animals, wild animals need to search for their food in order to survive. Your terrier was doing as much in trying to hide his food in the barn, probably because there were other animals that were present and he assumed they might try to take his food. After having been in your home for a few days, he realized that there was no need to continue with the act of burying items such as gloves because it was useless.

Multifunction printer Essay

Everyone would hold that instruction is a cardinal manner of life. A agency to larn something new. It’s purpose is to mentally. physically. and emotionally profit the individual by seting them in a better topographic point so they were antecedently in earlier. From the beginning of times people have relied and survived on past pedagogues. There are many people that contribute to a persons instruction. Get downing off as a immature kid most of the information retrieved comes from place through parents. and loved 1s. As they move into striplings larning is obtained from multiple people including instructors. friends. and even through their milieus. An ideal instruction promotes knowledge while integrating valuable information that can be used to assist in mundane life. â€Å"-Education is the procedure of geting cognition. † True instruction comes in many different signifiers. Granted it is of import to analyze the basic academic classs including reading. composing. arithmetic. scientific discipline. and societal surveies which all will assist put a strong foundation for the pupil. It is every bit merely as important that the pedagogue offer alternate information for the wellbeing of the pupil. Education should construct non merely on the text that lies within a book. but should besides touch base with mundane life. Short essay on the Importance of instruction Education is an of import human activity. It was born with the birth of the human race and shall go on to work every bit long as the human race lives. The importance of instruction may be summed up as under. Highlights 1. An indispensable human virtuousness. 2. A necessity for society. 3. Important for integrating of separate entities. 4. Gives significance of life. 5. Educated work forces are. superior. Aristotle 6. Sign of freedom. Epictetus 7. A controlling grace. Diogenes 8. Footing of good life. 1. An indispensable homo virtuousness Education is an indispensable human virtuousness. Man becomes ‘man’ through instruction. He is what instruction makes him. It has been justly said that without instruction. adult male is a glorious slave. concluding barbarian. 2. A necessity for society Education is necessary for society. Education manners and theoretical accounts adult male for society. Man can non be conceived simply in footings of his biological being. Education brings into concentrate the societal facet of adult male. Education signifies man’s supreme place in society. 3. Important for the integrating of separate entities An person is made up of different entities. Education brings about the integrating of these separate entities. 4. Gives significance of life Education teaches what adult male lives and struggles for. It cultivates an incorporate life. By so making. it gives significance of life. 5. Educated work forces are superior Education is a mark of high quality. Aristotle wrote. â€Å"Educated work forces are as much higher-up to uneducated as the life are to the dead. † 6. Sign of freedom Education is a mark of freedom. Epictetus had declared. â€Å"Only the educated are free. † 7. A commanding grace Diogenes felt that â€Å"Education is a commanding grace to the immature. solace to the old wealth to the hapless and ornament to the rich. † 8. Footing of good life Education is an indispensable footing of good life. A adult male becomes a human being in the existent sense when he is transformed from chiefly an carnal being into a human being. In short. instruction is an indispensable accompaniment of all human societies. â€Å"What sculpture is to a block of marble. instruction is to the soul† . says Addison. Education is an of import thing for everyone in this universe and everyone should acquire educated. From my prospective I think that instruction is non merely by traveling to school. instruction can go on by a batch of ways. When your household learn you what you should make and how to make some things that’s instruction. A batch of people are traveling to school every twenty-four hours but they are non acquiring anything or they do still non understand a batch of things. I think that instruction has to hold some regulations and ways to direct the message and the instruction that you want to direct to the people that you are educating. So how can we do certain that we are acquiring a good instruction in our life? I guess the first thing that person should make to acquire a good instruction is by taking a good school. Choosing a school that is known by its pupils that get good classs and instructors that are really professional is a good manner to do certain that you are acquiring a good instruction. A batch of states have a bad or non so good instruction system and if person is populating in a state like that and he or she wants a good instruction possibly he or she should happen another state to analyze at. A batch of people come to the US because the instruction system here is good and it’s better than a batch of states. Another manner to do certain that we get good instruction is us. I mean we should do certain that we study. make our prep and remain focused in category. If person is traveling to school but he is non analyzing or maintaining path of what is go oning in category this means that he is non acquiring any benefits or â€Å"education† . We have to develop our ain ways of analyzing and have a day-to-day agenda for prep. A batch of people are acquiring educated in this universe but a large per centum of them are non caring about the good instruction that they have when there are a batch of people that are non acquiring any instruction. We should take attention with our instruction and at the same clip we should do certain that we are acquiring a good instruction. . A Feasibility Study on Photocopying and General Merchandise is widely used in concern. instruction. and authorities. There have been anticipations that photocopiers will finally go disused as information workers continue to increase their digital papers creative activity and distribution and rely less on administering existent pieces of paper. However. photocopiers are undeniably more convenient than computing machines for the really common undertaking of making a transcript of a piece of paper. As a group we have decided to take a photocopying centre as our nature of concern for this feasibleness survey. Through out our brainstorming. certain thoughts were raised as to why we arrived to this sort of concern. Our chief ground for establishing our feasibleness survey in this sort of concern is our patronage. As pupils. we have considered our ain demands. It is inevitable for us to run off certain faculties for each of our topics. photocopy research stuffs for our assignments and other extra information for our lessons and photocopy missed lessons. We have besides considered the demands of our instructors. they besides have the demand to reproduce tests for their pupils. reproduce referees and reproduce their ain researches for their lesson programs. Chiefly. the group has considered the demand of our patronages to run off and reproduce of import paperss Preview of the essay: A Feasibility Study on Photocopying and General Merchandise In 1937 Bulgarian physicist Georgi Nadjakov found that. when placed into an electric field and exposed to visible radiation. some insulators get lasting electric polarisation in the open countries. That polarisation persists in the dark and is destroyed in visible radiation. Chester Carlson. the discoverer of run offing. was originally a patent lawyer. every bit good as a parttime research worker and discoverer. His occupation at the patent office in New York required him to do a big figure of transcripts of of import documents. Carlson. who was creaky. found this to be a painful and boring procedure. As a consequence. he was motivated to carry on experiments with photoconduction. Carlson used his kitchen for his â€Å"electrophotography† experiments. and. in 1938. he applied for a patent for the procedure. He made the first â€Å"photocopy† utilizing a Zn home base covered with S. The words â€Å"10-22-38 Astoria† were written on a microscope slide. which was placed on top of more S and under a bright visible radiation. After the slide was removed. a mirror image of the words remained. Carlson tried to sell his innovation to some companies. but. because the procedure was still developing †¦ †¦ operation manual of the equipment. Therefore. the demand for employees with high educational attainment is non necessary. As such. the undertaking may so promote the employed persons in gaining income to prolong the demands of their mundane life. Taxes Taxes are fiscal duty of a certain concern to the authorities. Issued licenses and licences are being paid yearly and collected by the local authorities of Alaminos City. The sum collected will so use for community enhancement plan and assorted development undertaking. The sum of authorization revenue enhancement depends on the nature of the concern. Supply of Commodities In most public offices. school or private houses. the necessity for run offing additions. The easy reproduction of of import paperss lessens the work burden. Since the concern already have long term equipment. monetary values will depend on the power ingestion and the monetary value of natural stuffs. Demand for Materials Since the undertaking operates in cardinal concern country. the demand for local stuffs will non be hard to obtain. Natural stuffs can be taken or be bought in nearby shops for stocks. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The EN6 Copy Station is named as such. because â€Å"EN6† is the class codification of Business Communication in La Conslacion University Philippines and with that ground. we named the proposed concern after the topic. As a rival in the printing industry. the proposed concern tends to be the taking copying station by supplying high quality. low-cost monetary value and speedy service to clients and by run intoing the demand and consumer satisfaction. It offers different copying services that most demand services EN6 Copy Center offer has the most demand services needed by the mark market such as Lamination. Scaning. Book Binding. and Desktop Publishing or Printing. The EN6 Copy Center is under Sole Proprietorship. owned and controlled by one person. The proposed country is accessible and strategically located in Diversion Road corner Diamond and Amethyst Street. City of Malolos. It has a measuring of â€Å"5?6† metres equivalent to 30 sqm. Selling FEASIBILITY The informations gathered from the conducted interviews and studies were analyzed and this information reveals that there are still an bing demand for copying service. TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY The proposed EN6 Copy Center is being prepared by the undermentioned production procedure. The methods to be used here were differentiated depending on the pressman to be used. Printer to be used will be determined by the volume. quality. and paper size specified by the client. FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY The entire cost estimated is Php 651. 000. 00 which will be provided by the proprietor. It is estimated that the undertaking will be able to bring forth adequate income to prolong its operation. The result of the concern operation. which will reflect the fiscal status. and hard currency flow of the concern are presented for 5 old ages. The advocates are besides confident that the proposed undertaking is profitable since the fiscal analysis shows positive and favourable consequence. XEROX/ PHOTCOPYING BUSINESS ( 2nd hand/ Re-con Xerox machine ) December 2008. damang Dama minute na ang simoy ng pasko! 13th month wage. Bonus. Gift cheque. Company Give aways etc. Buong taon KO pinaghirapan at pinagsikapang makaipon mula SA aking mga sinasahod midday bilang isang Macinist. Sa isip-isip ko†¦ malaki laking pera makukuha KO pag nagkataon na sapat parity sa napupusuan kong itayong negosyo. Ito ang mga pinag pilian midday na posible kong itayo: 1. COMPUTER SHOP 2. XEROX/ PHOTO COY BIZ 3. TAPSIHAN SA MUZON 4. BUY N’ SELL NG KOTSE 5. JUNKSHOP Matiaga kong pinag aralan kung Fatah Revolutionary Council Ba dapat Air National Guard itatayo KO. Ang napili ko†¦ † XEROX/ PHOTO COPY BIZ â€Å" . Kung inyong papansinin lahat ng balak kong itayong negosyo ay mura at abot kaya ng bulsa! Pero mas napusuan KO talag yung Xerox Biz. Ilalahad KO SA inyo Air National Guard mga bagay2x at tanong na pumasok SA aking isipan parity itayo KO Air National Guard ganitong negosyo. Tanong: Ano nga slam Produkto o Serbisyo ang kulang o wala sa aming lugar? Sagot: Xerox! Kung ikaw ay isang estudyante na walang libro at kailangan mong basahin Air National Guard ilang aralin SA libro di ba’t minsay naghiiram tayo SA ating schoolmate parity lang ipa-XEROX at magkaroon nanogram sarili nating kopya? Kung ikaw naman ay isang taong mag-aaply ng trabaho mapa lokal adult male o abroad Hindu ba’t isa SA mga demands ay ang mag dala nanogram ilang Xerox transcript nanogram iyong orihinal sodium dokumento? Kung ikaw ay isang taong nais lamang magkaroon ng maraming kopya nanogram isang orihinal sodium dokumento. Hindi ba’t nag papa-XEROX Ka? Hindi ka adult male madalas magpa- Xerox pero kung papansinin ninyo isa ito SA mga patok na Biz na hindi masyado napagtutunan ng pansin. Una. dahil akala nila ay â€Å"small time† lang ito O â€Å"mahal Air National Guard puhunan† . Lingid sa kaalaman nanogram madami isa ito SA mga magandang itayong negosyo foremost timer Ka adult male o Hindi. Dito sa aming lugar ay may magandang oprtunidad magtayo nanogram ganitong negosyo dahil 2 dad lang midday Air National Guard mayroong ganitong negosyo at sa 2 iyon ay sinubukan KO Air National Guard kanilang kalidad at dito KO napatunayan na malaki ang tsansa KO na higitan Air National Guard kanilang serbisyo. Tanong: Kung may kakumpitensya na pala ako 2 bakit dad ako magtatayo? Sagot: Dahil Malabo at Hindu maganda Air National Guard serbisyo nila! Paminsan-minsan ay scold dad Xerox blare ako Nung ako ay estudyante dad at nung nagta trabaho sodium. pinag tityagaan ko na lang kahit minsan ay Malabo O guhit guhit Air National Guard resulta ng kopya nila. â€Å"Kesa naman magpunta dad ako ng bayan at mamasahe dad! pagtyagaan ko na lang! † yanang problema KO SA kanila bukod dad SA mahal nilang singil na P1. 50-short P2. 50-long. Ang mahal di Ba? palibhasa’y no pick na ang mga Taoist SA amin kahit alam kong mura SA mga kalapit namin na bayan na P1- short at P1. 50 long eh. kesa naman mamasahe dad ako parity SA iilang piraso dito na lang! Dito ko naisip na gandahan ang serbisyo at murahan kumpara SA mga nauna nang nagtayo nanogram ganitong game SA aming lugar. Tanong: Maganda Ba Air National Guard aking lokasyon? Sagot: OO! Maganda naman Air National Guard lokasyon namin. katabi Kami ng National Highway. papunta ng Angono at Taytay. Tuwing umaga habang pinag mamasdan KO Air National Guard mga estudyante at mga empleyado at mga naghahanap ng trabaho. Naiisip ko na na sila Air National Guard â€Å"TARGET MARKET† KO. Sa aking palagay National Aeronautics and Space Administration tamang lokasyon Kami! malapit ang aming tindahan SA kung saan may mga terminal ng trike paakyat at pababa ng San Francisco Vill. Maliban pa doon na ang kanto donging iyon ay puno ng Taoist tuwing umaga parity SA mga papasok na empleyado o mga estudyanteng SA bandang maynila O sa Angono at Taytay adult male nag aaral. bukod dad SA sangkaterbang katabi namin na mga constitutions blare. Tanong: Anong scheme naman ang gagamitn KO parity makaakit ako ng mga mga Costumer? Sagot: Mura at magandang serbisyo! Sa aming lugar kasi mejo may kamahalan ang P2. 00 na paxerox parity SA short gayong may mura na 0. 50c sa bayan ng Angono at Taytay. Yun nga lang gagastos kapa ng pamasahe kaya pinag Ti tiyagaan na lang kahit mahal. Kaya naisip KO na murahan. tiningnan KO kung kaya SA PISO isang piraso na short. At sa aking pag-aaral kaya naman! Sa katunayan SA pisong ibabayad SA iyo ng mag-papaxerox SA iyo three-base hit Air National Guard tubo minute! Maliit na halaga kung titingnan pero kung iipunin minute lahat ng magiging tubo minute. aba’y JACKPOT Ka SA ganitong klaseng negosyo! Tanong: Ano Ba Air National Guard dapat kong bilihin na Xerox machine bago o 2nd manus? Sagot: 2nd manus ( muna kung di kaya ng bulsa na bumili ng bago ) ! Sa aking palagay Air National Guard pag dedesisyon kung 2nd manus O bago adult male Air National Guard iyong bibilhin ay nakadepende na sa iyo! Kung kaya ng bulsa minute nanogram bago walang problema! wala Ka stab masyado sakit ng ulo pagdating sa care. Kung balak mo naman bumili ng segundamano O † refurbished/ re-conditioned † wala donging problema. Para SA kindred mom pinili KO munang bumili ng 2nd hand/ re-con. . Una sa lahat dahil mom mura kesa sa bago. Kung sakali naman wala Ka stab alam kung Fatah Revolutionary Council magandang bilhin na re-con bibigyan KO knockout ng TIPS! Ok lang bumili o gumamit ng mga re-con sodium xerox kung wala kang kilala na marunong tumingin nanogram magandang klase aba’y wit basta2x padalos taro SA pagbili dahil Hindi birong halaga blare Air National Guard iyong ilalabas. Bumili sa mga malalaki at kilala na pagdating SA mga ganitong bagay. Tanong: Saan naman ako bibili nanogram murang Xerox? Sagot: Sa RECTO/ Internet! Saan naman ako bumili? Sa Manila. bahala ka na mamili kung saan at sino Air National Guard bibilhan minute. Sa bandang RECTO Air National Guard karamihan ng mga nagbebenta ng mga recon na xerox. Pwede rin mag hanap ka ONLINE! Muli. mag-ingat ng mabuti SA pagbili at pagpili! Tanong: Paano ako makakasiguro na ok ang binili kung foremost timer lang ako SA ganitong game? Sagot: Mag -research muna. magbasa ng forum/ web logs sa cyberspace. magtanong SA bibilihan minute! Kung sakaling bibili ka na ng xerox machine. maari Ka munang mag research SA cyberspace. magbasa ng mga web logs. O magtanong muna SA mga tindahan ng machine bago bumili Tanong: Tuturuan Ba nila ako kung paano mag operate nanogram xerox? Sagot: OO! Tuturuan ka naman nilang mag operate ng Xerox machine pati mga basic care! Tanong: Mahirap ba mag maintain ng XEROX MACHINE? Sagot: Hindi! Hindi naman ganoon kahirap mag maintain ng isang rhenium con na xerox. basta kung Anu ung tinuro SA iyo na paglilinis gawin minute. Ang simpleng alikabok kasi ay may malaking epekto sa public presentation nanogram machine lalo sodium at kung ang lugar nio ay maalikabok malaking bagay Air National Guard paglilinis lalo na ng mga SALAMIN SA loob ng machine! Pero nasa Iyo dad blare kung paano minute aalagan Air National Guard iyong machine. kung burara Ka at di minute na nalilinis Hindi nga talga tatgal SA iyo at baka sumakit lang ang ulo minute kakapa ayos. Sa ngayon ay may 2 re-con sodium ako na Xerox machine parehong theoretical account blare Air National Guard kinuha ko parity merely in instance masira adult male ung isa pedeng kahuyin ung parts bilang pamalit. Yung unang Xerox machine na nabili KO mahigit isang taon blare bago may nasirang parts sa kanya. Mayroong piyesa Air National Guard xerox na kung tawagin ay DRUM SA assembly na ito Air National Guard may ilang piyesa na sensitibo at may kamahalan pag nasira kung Hindi minute langing nililinisan ang iyon machine. Tanong: Kung sakaling masira may available ba na parts at madali Ba makakahanap nito? Sagot: OO! dun blare SA binilihan minute! Tanong: Madali Ba makahanap O makabili ng mga consumables? Sagot: OO! Madaling maghanap ng mga parts at consumables ng isang Xerox machine. Pero ingat SA pagbili lalo na kung pulverization Air National Guard bibilhin minute. Madami kasing lumalabas na POWDER ay Pekinese na madaling makasira nanogram parts ng machine. Bumili ng ORIG! may kamahalan pero sigurado Ka naman. Tanong: Mura Ba Air National Guard mga consumables nito? Sagot: OO! Tanong: Mura ba ang Re-con sodium XEROX? Sagot: OO! Depende SA bibilhin minute! Naglalaro ang monetary value nito mula 12k ( no reducing agent enlarger ) – 40+k ( stab volume o madamihan na ) . Yung unang Xerox machine na nabili KO na tumagal ng mahigit isang taon bago nakitaan ng mga simpleng pagkukumuni ay Php18. 000. 00 Tanong: Anong brand/ theoretical account Air National Guard magandang bilihin? Sagot: Ricoh FT3813 with reducing agent – enlarger Ok Air National Guard trade name na ito! bagay SA mga nagsisimula SA ganitong negosyo. mahalaga kung may reducer enlarger Air National Guard makukuha minute dahil minsan ay may mga client na nagpapalaki o magpapaliit nanogram kanilang dokumento. Madali din imaintenance Air National Guard ganitong theoretical account!

Structural Functionalism vs Conflict Theory

Structural functionalism and battle speculation have some diametrical points of view. One of them is that structural functionalism sees confederation as a complex system, that permit it to move cohesively, and looks society as a macro-level orientation course tour the conflict theory focuses on the companionable system that lonesome(prenominal) movement for a select few of society and is known because the struggle for dominance among fond groups that compete for scarce resources. Knowing this, How polar structural functionalism views sexuality than conflict theory does in a society? sexual activity differences ar viewed from functionalism as an efficient panache to create divisions and specializing of cooperative labour into peculiar(prenominal)ally circumscribed tasks and roles. Also, it is viewed as a social system where particulars segments be responsible for specific labor acts.These division of labor are very efficient because create a maximum use of resources. This theory has been criticized for reifying sexual activity roles. In functionalist perspective gender roles throw to social relations.Conflict theory has a different look of gender. In this theory gender is viewed as an attempt from male to restrain power and privilege over female, and males are seen as the dominant group while females are seen as the subordinate group. The only reason why gender roles unruffled exist is because to maintain their power and attitude the dominant group is still workings for that.There exist some difference intimately how this two theories, functionalist and conflict perspective sees gender and what is the importance in society. In my private opinion Im more with the idea that functionalism have with gender.

Somaliland

SAHAL SERVICE INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUNDSomaliana is located in the horn of Africa with boundaries to Ethiopia, Djibouti and Kenya. Somalias last full op termting(a) governing collapsed in 1991. Since then Somalia has been ruled by transitional governments backed by the United Nations and multinational unions and now the Somali federal government.Somaliland north ploughsh ar of the Somalia declared itself as separate sovereignty in 1992, although in that location is no country still recognised its sovereignty, alike, Puntland the north eastern regions of Somalia, established the semi- autonomous judicatory c solelyed Puntland state of Somalia in 1998.After the collapse of central government of Somalia, financial institutions destroyed, the central cant of Somalia was failing with no enough authority to manage the m singletary constitution of the country.The countrys silver management t maneuverk became night mire, with no central management for the funds receipts of th e country. The pretentiousness reached at its peak with 30,000 so.sh reciprocationd to 1$ in 2008 and the management of cash in to argumentati matchlesss and day to day proceedings be follow too risky and costly.Somaliland launched new bullion notes named Somaliland shillings in October 1994 to resolve financial disturbances from the rest of Somalia.In 2010 wandering(a) property reassign has emerged in the horn of Africa country, Somalia the telecommunicationmunicationmunicationmunications companies operated in Somalia started the planetary specie conveyance of title run, Golis Telecom go with, hormuud telecom and telesom company covering the ternion zones in Somalia viz. Somaliland, puntland and south central somalia.Golis telecom cover spry property transfer receiptss named SAHAL SERVICE in Puntland state, telesom company covered Somaliland and c all tolded it ZAAD SERVICE and hormuud telecom covered south central Somalia named its go as EVC PLUS.The tweak of quick cashboxing in Somalia started a new era in the field of imprecate body in Somalia.This new system of rules has solved a dish up of financial constrains faced the dividing line and commerce in Somalia and started improving proceeding and cash security in the country.Sahal help which is the mobile silver transfer offered by golis telecommunication company has been launched in 2009 in all over puntland. This includes the major cities in puntland overmuch(prenominal) as bosaso, garowe and galkacyo.The att devastation which is owned and offered by golis Telecommunication Company, the largest telecom company in the region, with more than 15000 active subscribers (2015) has been slow accepted by the federation which highly suffered the malfunction of monetary system in the country.Sahal serve up in puntland offer the companionship to the following dos gold transfer.Mobile paymentMobile banking and dishsMobile airtimeMobile sub officenceMoney transfer advantageS ahal helping offered clients to transfer specie from one to an another(prenominal)(prenominal), they piece of tail transfer from undersize fraction of mensuration ranging from 0.1$ to unlimited us dollar marks. Golis Company placardd this helping initially to small nub of which is as followsGolis later decided to keep all the services free of charge.This service functions as follows the node take aways to lay his cash fare to his mobile phone by visiting golis gross revenue center. Later the customer can forward the capital back to other customers with sahal service where ever he is in Somalia.This service has largely been exampled by businesses and individuals for the transitions between the cities and regions and has been widely accepted by the partnership since it is cheaper than the normal remittals scating in the region much(prenominal) as dahalshiil, amal or iftin.This is the graphical representation of how sahal service workings Mobile payment (paybills) This is another service offered by the golis telecom companys SAHAL SERVICE.Mobile payment is as well as called merchandiser quash and is intended to replace cash legal proceeding between businesses and people. Golis customer has to get merchandiser number from golis sales offices and it is used for that business only, it cannot be used personal. You can get merchandiser number only if you hasten a running business with a name and location.After you get merchant number, the customer pass on do payment done this merchant number. The merchant number does not charge the customers as well as the owners, it is free of charge. The merchant number is bounded by cities and regions and cannot cross crosswise divers(prenominal) cities.If you wish to send bills from one city to another for purchases, merchant number go forth not help you and leading not work for that purpose instead you mystify to use sahal bullion transfer service. Merchant number offered by golis telecom h as helped businesses to run their business with or without cash transactions. It increase the security of their transactions by keeping transactions with their merchant numbers history.The merchant person will go to golis offices to get the transactions he make this family or this month or only a specific customer. This has increased the reli might and fashion of the merchants and they are heavily relied on this service. This service has changed the dynamics of the business transactions in puntland and it fills the gap of securing business transactions and payments in which otherwise the government should have to deal with.On the other side, there is a widespread believe that sahal service dominated the cash transactions in the country and if this service goes as it is now for many years there is a incident that it will degrade the cash system of the country hence it should be regulated and concretely managed by the concerned government agencies.Use of Paybills service from gol is telecom is shown graphically below Mobile banking systemSahal service has an additional service called kaaftoon, this service connects your salute bank story into your mobile with the help of sahal service.The customer who needs to use this service should freshman have sahal service enabled in his mobile phone, then your salute bank account can be custom-built to your sahal service simply by asking salaam bank offices to do so. After it is being open, you will be able to bank and retrieve you coin to your bank account. likewise, you can send and retrieve money from the other salaam bank account anyplace in the country.Kaaftoon services become the biggest nightmare for other competitor banks. It helped salaam bank which is co-owned by golis telecom to enter market tremendously and get a colossal market plow with the minimum amount of time. The community highly welcomed This service as it is a new service enabled with the latest engineering science and remove the const raint of lining up the bank offices to deposit or impound cash your account.The kaaftoon service works as follows the customer should deposit cash money to his sahal service by visiting golis sales offices and depositing money to them then they will credit your sahal service account as per the requirement. Then inside your phone you can deposit the amount required to your salaam bank account and send money to other salaam bank accounts if required.alike you can crawfish money deposited in your salaam account into your sahal service and use it. You really dont require visiting salaam bank office or ATM machine to withdraw cash.The amount of money to withdraw or deposit using kaaftoon service is as follows you can withdraw or deposit minimum of 10$, it will not accept below 10$. nevertheless you can withdraw and deposit as much as you need.This gives the customers a immense tractableness of managing their transactions and business into their premises. Mobile airtime Mobile airtim e is also another feature which allows customers to get golis airtime from their sahal service, this service give customers the ability to get airtime to their mobile phones by using their sahal service, similarly they are allowed to give airtime to their friends and any golis subscriber.Before sahal service come into existence, scratch cards, golis centers and agents used to give customers the airtime they need. little(a) amount of service fee are charged to the customers by the agents. But when sahal service begin to work all airtime work has shifted to the sahal service.Still there are agents of airtime which help customers those do not have registered sahal service to get their required airtime exactly they use their agency within sahal service. Al though this shift of airtime look-alike lost jobs and services but the subscribers get the flexibility to manage their airtime.Mobile remittance (taaj service)The mobile remittance service or taaj service has been included sahal s ervice package in the year 2015. Taaj is a ancillary company of a sis companies named HTG (hormuud, telesom and golis) and formarly known as BARAKAAT REDSEA COMPANY.The company have been subsidized according to the locations and association boundaries in Somalia. This gave birth to group of sister companies of HTG group. Taaj remittance belongs to HTG and it is supported by all the mobile banking systems of these companies viz SAHAL, ZAAD and EVCPLUS services.Taaj remitment Company has been introduced in the Somali market in the year 2012, and has gained a large market dish out today, compelling the competitor companies with large market share to enter into the telecommunications company.The gaint Somali remittance companies, dahalshiil group and amal bank both(prenominal) entered the telecom company by forming SOMTEL and AMTEL companies respectively.The important aim of creating SOMTEL and AMTEL by dahabshiil and amal companies is the risk they faced from such technology as taaj company with the help of mobile banking systems such sahal service.Somtel has been largely launched Somalia at large and has come with their mobile banking system named E-DAHAB.AMTEL Company has been launched in the year 2017 and it is still in its initial start up phases.Since the collapse of Somali government in 1991, Somali community has largely become immigrant in close all over the world. Somali communities in different parts of the world use to send money in their families back home.The banking system of the country collapsed and the transfer of money from abroad to the country become uncontrollable and that time Somali remittance companies has emerged and take their affair in transferring money between communities abroad and Somalis in Somalia.Coming back to sahal service package, taaj service is one of the services supported by sahal service, it supports both topical anesthetic and international money transfer and it works as follows The person should deposit the am ount of money to send into his sahal service.By using his sahal service, person should follow result accordingly and provide all the required study as seen graphically below Challenges confronted sahal service in puntlandIntroducing sahal service into the market met challenges which include technology link issues, reliability and money exchange business.We will utter these three challenges below and how sahal service survived from these two challenges.Deficiency of sahal service technologyThe customer got caught by lack of friendship from this new technology in which they feel a huge risk of their money. They didnt have prior noesis of such technology nor it is something they use to see.This makes the service smashed and decreases its reliability and flexibility. Golis telecom company which is the owner of sahal service started the service as follows the company run the service only to its employees initially, to check whether the service runs as plan and rectify errors if a ny.This initially run of the service lasts for three months in which they send employee salaries, bonuses etc to this service, then the company opened the service to its customers by putting a sess of efforts to encourage customers the reliability, confidentiality and security of the service.They put a huge amount of marketing money to introduce and change over the customers to the new service. Golis telecom established a huge lcd tvs to many of its centers explaining how to use the service from technology point of view. Similarly they put advertisement agencies such as TVs, radios and newspapers explaining the same. This helped customers to understand the service and use it. Leter, sahal service customers started to increase each month.Reliability of the serviceInutility, customers got umbrageous about the reliability of the service, they didnt convince to put their money in mobile phone and let it go. They believed the possibility that the company may collapse, or they misuse their money. Similarly since there is no strong financial system in the country they feel keeping their money with them is best policy.Golis telecom survived this problem as follows first of all the service was not only run in golis telecom or in puntland but all across Somalia. ZAAD and EVC PLUS have been introduced in hargaisa and Mogadishu respectively. The introduction of the similar service across the country convinced the customers that the service has its demands now and may be it is the time to keep your money in mobile phones.The other asset which helped the company to convince the customers is the customer loyalty to the company. The company has made a clean image from fraud and financial mismanagement during its existence and the customers feel it that way and it increased its reliability. Similarly golis telecom run a lot of sales offices to handle sahal service customer care and customer issues in which it poured a huge money to today retrieve customer money in cash in case needed.This step greatly influenced the learning ability of the customers and increased their confidentiality since their money is available 24/7 in cash or in the mobile phone.Money exchange businessesMerchants from money exchanges business who do currency exchange from dollars to Somali shillings and vice versa saw sahal service as their biggest threat.These group of business people immediately felt that if this service runs successfully all those exchange businesses will not live peacefully side by side instead sahal service is the end money exchange business. This is true in a way that no one will need to go exchange business to do exchanges from dollar to Somali shillings and vice versa since sahal service will do this and many more services.These group have try to ruin the service and publicly misinform the community by spreading negative propaganda about the service and mostly aligning the service with financial fraud.Golis telecom company stuck to its plan of fight ing and convincing the community the services offered by sahal service and its benefits.Their main falsification strategy was security and convinced the community golis is the duty place to secure their money instead of memory and incurring security costs similarly since there is no fully working financial banks both public and private there was a huge need of financial services which is better than the genuine unstructured financial systems and services. This is the place where sahal service got the attending of community as whole.